What are two types of blood vessel disorders

What are two types of blood vessel disorders

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Aortic Disease, Carotid artery disease, Economy class syndrome, Hypertension, and Vasculitis are all blood vessel disorders.

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What do you think about this article on Blood Stem Cells?

Q: here is the articleBlood stem cells grow with the flow, two new studies show.The studies, led by independent groups at Children’s Hospital Boston, report that an embryo’s heartbeat and blood circulation stimulate the growth of blood stem cells.The discovery could be a boon to researchers seeking to make blood stem cells for people with blood cancers, immune system disorders and other diseases that require bone marrow transplants. In children and adults, blood stem cells reside in the bone marrow. Only about a third of patients who require bone marrow transplants have matching donors.“Basically we cannot offer optimal therapy to two-thirds of patients,” says Leonard Zon, director of the Stem Cell Program at Children’s Hospital Boston, and a coauthor of one of the new studies, which appears online May 13 and in the May 15 Cell.Scientists can make red and white blood cells easily in the laboratory, but bone marrow patients need blood stem cells to constantly replenish their blood supply. Producing these cells, also called hematopoietic stem cells, is much more difficult, Zon says.Now, his group suggests that a little force can boost blood stem cell production in zebrafish embryos. Reporting online May 13 in Nature, a group led by George Daley, director of the Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program at Children’s Hospital Boston, demonstrates that blood flow also triggers hematopoietic stem cell production in mouse embryos. Both groups found nitric oxide plays an important role.Daley’s group directly tested the ability of blood flow to turn cells into hematopoietic stem cells. The team placed mouse embryonic stem cells in a centrifuge-like device that mimics sheer stress — the frictional force blood creates when it flows over cells — in a mouse’s aorta. In early embryos, blood stem cells first form on the floor of the aorta. Later in development, they migrate to the bone marrow.Embryonic stem cells exposed to the same magnitude of sheer stress as found in the mouse aorta produced hematopoietic stem cells. Cells that were exposed to a different magnitude of sheer stress, such as that in the human aorta, did not. A nitric oxide–blocking drug reduced the number of blood stem cells induced by the sheer stress. Nitric oxide is a chemical produced naturally in the body and is known to be important in regulating blood vessel growth and elasticity.When the researchers gave the nitric oxide–blocker to pregnant mice, their embryos also had problems making blood stem cells.Zon’s team used zebrafish embryos, which are transparent, to watch the stem cells develop. He and his colleagues found that chemicals that increase blood flow in the tails of zebrafish embryos also boost activity of RUNX1, a master regulator of blood stem cells. Mutant embryos that don’t have a heartbeat because of a defect in a heart muscle protein don’t make hematopoietic stem cells in their tails.When the researchers gave a nitric oxide compound to the mutant embryos, however, the embryos produced more blood stem cells. The nitric oxide–blocker also inhibited blood stem cell production, the researchers found. Those findings suggest that blood flow may increase nitric oxide levels, which then boost stem cell production, Zon says.Intuitively, scientists might expect that mechanical forces play a role in shaping development, but few biologists have studied this due to experimental difficulties, says Ihor Lemischka, a stem cell biologist at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.“I think we’ll be seeing more of these types of studies,” Lemischka says.It’s still not clear how the cells sense sheer stress, and researchers are trying to unravel the chain of events between mechanical force and stem cell production in order to manipulate the process to make blood stem cells for transplant.

A: Interesting. I didnt follow all of it, but I understand basically what its saying. I have had a bone marrow transplant. Well, cord blood actually. I had no matching donors in the registry, so i participated in the adult dual cord blood transplant trials. My donors were a perfect match to each other, but mismatched to me.If this technology shows results, it can help so many more people get the treatment they need.

can you help me with my health paper? its about stroke. add info, take out info. thanks?

Q: Stroke is the third leading cause of death in America and the first leading cause of adult disability. Many people don’t know that eighty percent of strokes are preventable. This is partly because they don’t know what the disparity really is or signs to recognize it. There are vital things to know about a stroke, which may mean life or death. Everyone must learn what exactly it is, how it affects the body, risk factors and causes, symptoms, different types of the complication, prevention, and treatment.A stroke, also known as a “brain attack,” occurs when an artery, which is a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart, is blocked by a blood clot. A break in blood vessels, which are tubes that move blood through the body, may cause a stroke as well because a sufficient amount of blood is not being supplied to the brain. This is why strokes are known as a type of cardiovascular disease, there is a disorder in the vessels ability to deliver blood, which carries oxygen and nutrients to different parts of the brain. When the brain doesn’t get the blood it needs, it starts to die. As brain cells die during a stroke, abilities controlled by that area of the brain are lost. These abilities include speech, movement and memory.How a stroke patient is affected depends on the intensity of the stroke, the part of the brain that was affected, and how bad that area was damaged. These things vary with each of the different types of stroke. There is blood clotting that is normal, and beneficial. When you are bleeding from a wound, blood clots work to slow and eventually stop the bleeding. In the case of stroke, blood clots are dangerous because they can block arteries and cut off blood flow. This is called an ischemic stroke and it can occur in two ways: embolic and thrombotic strokes.In an embolic stroke, a blood clot forms somewhere in the body and travels through the bloodstream to your brain. Once it is there, the clot eventually travels to a blood vessel small enough to block its passage. The clot lodges there, blocking the blood vessel and causing a stroke.In a thrombotic stroke, blood flow is impaired because of a blockage to one or more of the arteries supplying blood to the brain. The process leading to the blockage is known as thrombosis and can happen in two ways. Blood-clot strokes can also happen as a result of unhealthy blood vessels clogged with a build up of fatty deposits and cholesterol. The body responds to this as if it were a bleeding wound and forms clots around it. Another type of stroke is a hemorrhagic stroke. It is caused by the breakage or “blowout” of a blood vessel in the brain. It can be caused by a number of disorders, which affect the blood vessels, including long-standing high blood pressure and cerebral aneurysms, which is a weak spot on a blood vessels wall. There are two types of a hemorrhagic stroke. Intrecerbrel hemorrhage is where bleeding occurs from vessels inside the brain, mainly caused by high blood pressure. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is when an aneurism bursts in a large artery on or near the thin, delicate membrane surrounding the brain.The risk factors of stroke are wide. Anyone can have a stroke. A person’s chance of having a stroke increases as they meet certain criteria. The risk factors are: if you are male, over the age of fifty-five, African American, Hispanic or Pacific islander, or you have family history of stroke you are at risk.If you can catch the signs of a stroke early, there is a chance of little damage to the brain and a quick recovery. Some common symptoms of stroke are sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arms or legs especially on one side of the body, sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding, sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes, and sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination. Women often report that they feel sudden pain in the face and limbs, sudden hiccups, and nausea.As stated, eighty percent of strokes are preventable. Some guidelines to follow to ensure that a stroke is not in your future are: know your blood pressure, stop smoking, drink in moderation, find out if you have family history of strokes, eat foods with lower sodium and fats. One of the biggest things is to know the symptoms of stroke. If you feel any of the symptoms, call 911 immediately before too much damage is done to your brain by the lack of blood. It is also believed that Aspirin can reduce your chances of a stroke. Aspirin is a blood thinner, and if taken blood may thin enough to get around a clot or blockage. The obstruction may even be diminished.After a stroke, rehabilitation is the most important part of recovery and treatment of a stroke. Through rehabilitation, you relearn or regain basic skills such as speaking, eating, dressing, and walking. The program helps you regain your independence after suffering handicaps due to the stroke. Rehabilitation starts as soon as possible after the complications in the hospital. In patients who are stable, rehabilitation starts in as little as two days. After learning about stroke living a healthy lifestyle, knowing your family history, knowing the symptoms, and acting fast in the case of a stroke, can save your life. These things help to ensure little to no permanent damage and a quick recovery.

A: a lot a good info here, you did your research!…in your second paragraph though, you incorrectly state that arteries carry blood to the heart…arteries in general carry blood away from the heart…how about the wording “…occurs when an artery that carries blood to the brain….”and when talking about aspirin, maybe say something about asking your doctor about taking aspirin to reduce your chances…you don’t want to encourage anyone to begin aspirin therapy without their doctor’s advice…and your final sentance about ensure little to no perm damage…since despite doing and knowing all the right things, some strokes still may lead to severe perm disabilties or death, maybe change your wording to these things help to minimize life altering disabilites…the recovery is seldom quick, and many times does not lead to a full recovery, but a highly functional recovery….

i have this test i am taking and i need answers to the questions plz help me someone

Q: Question 1 4 points Save Down syndrome most often occurs when blood fails to clot properly. a person inherits a recessive allele. sickle-shaped cells become stuck in blood vessels. chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis. Question 2 4 points Save What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis? copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the nucleus carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm copies the coded message from the protein and carries it into the nucleus Question 3 4 points Save The bones that form the backbone are called tibia. vertebrae. metatarsals. carpals. Question 4 4 points Save What do transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis? copy the coded message from the DNA and carry it into the cytoplasm carry amino acids and add them to the growing protein copy the coded message from the DNA and carry it into the nucleus copy the coded message from the protein and carry it into the nucleus Question 5 4 points Save What genetic disorder results in abnormally shaped blood cells? cystic fibrosis Down syndrome hemophilia sickle-cell disease Question 6 4 points Save Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton? obtaining oxygen providing shape and support for the body producing blood cells protecting internal organs Question 7 4 points Save Cloning results in two organisms that are genetically identical. produced from cuttings. both adult mammals. genetically similar. Question 8 4 points Save Which of these human traits is altered by variations in environment? smile dimples height blood type hairline Question 9 4 points Save Both parents of a child have type A blood. What might their child’s blood type be? Type A or type B Type A or type O Type A only Type A or type AB Question 10 4 points Save Which diagnostic method uses magnetism to find injuries to muscles and other soft tissues? fracture MRI arthroscopy X-rays Question 11 4 points Save Which of these traits is controlled by a gene with multiple alleles? straight hairline smile dimples blood type widow’s peak Question 12 4 points Save Walter Sutton discovered that the sex cells of grasshoppers have 12 times the number of chromosomes found in the body cells. the same number of chromosomes found in the body cells. half the number of chromosomes found in the body cells. twice the number of chromosomes found in the body cells. Question 13 4 points Save How does exercise help maintain healthy bones? by making bones grow stronger and denser by decreasing the need for phosphorus in the bones by decreasing the need for calcium in the bones by making bones produce stronger outer membranes Question 14 4 points Save How does a geneticist use pedigrees? to replicate identical strings of DNA to prove that sex-linked traits are caused by codominant alleles to trace the inheritance of traits in humans to create genetic crosses Question 15 4 points Save In an attempt to produce a potato that tastes good and also resists disease, plant breeders crossed a potato variety that tastes good with a variety that resists disease. This technique is an example of genetic engineering. inbreeding. cloning. hybridization. Question 16 4 points Save Which type of muscle tires quickly during exercise? smooth muscle skeletal muscle breathing muscle cardiac muscle Question 17 4 points Save What kind of motion is possible with a hinge joint? sliding rotating backward or forward side to side Question 18 4 points Save The Human Genome Project can help genetic engineers produce human proteins because identical twins have identical DNA. to produce a protein, geneticists must know the sequence of DNA bases that codes for the protein. the Human Genome Project has determined the structure of human proteins. the Human Genome Project has determined the structure of transfer RNA. Question 19 4 points Save Which nitrogen base in RNA is NOT part of DNA? cytosine uracil guanine adenine Question 20 10 points Save In pea plants, the allele for smooth pods (S) is dominant over the allele for pinched pods (s). Construct a Punnett square that shows a cross between an SS plant and an Ss plant. Predict what percent of the offspring are likely to have smooth pods. NormalHeading 1Heading 2Heading 3Heading 4Heading 5AddressFormatted 1234567 ArialArial BlackBook AntiquaCentury GothicComic SansCourier NewGaramondGeorgiaSymbolTahomaTimes New RomanVerdana Path: body Question 21 4 points Save Messages are carried back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body by nervous tissue. digestive tissue. respiratory tissue. the circulatory system.

A: 1.D 2? 3. B 4.? 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.? 10.B The rest i don’t know 21.AHope this helps a little. Sorry i don’t know more.