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How is the stomach flu spread

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The stomach flu, can be passed from person to person through contact with commonly shared items such as computer keyboards. ChaCha [ Source: http://www.chacha.com/question/how-is-the-stomach-flu-spread ]
More Answers to “How is the stomach flu spread
・ The condition known as stomach flu is often confused with the flu or influenza. However, stomach flu… ・ Eating contaminated foods and drinking liquids contaminated with the virus can cause gastroenteritis… ・ Touching contaminated obje…
http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4912101_how-stomach-flu-spread.html?ref=Track2&utm_source=ask
Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted by insects that harbor parasitic, viral, or bacterial organisms. Common diseases include yellow fever and malaria, but there are many others in every country in the world. The risk for malari…
http://www.healthcentral.com/cold-flu/h/how-is-stomach-flu-spread.html
Stomach flu is highly contagious and can spread easily from person to person. These viruses often can be found in the stool or vomit of infected people. Transmission can occur in one of several ways, including:
http://diarrhea.emedtv.com/stomach-flu/stomach-flu-p3.html

Related Questions Answered on Y!Answers

how is the stomach flu contagious?
Q: when you have the stomach flu, you vomit and have diaahrea, how is the norovirus (stomach flu) spread to other people?
A: Noroviruses (genus Norovirus, family Caliciviridae) are a group of related, single-stranded RNA, nonenveloped viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. Norovirus was recently approved as the official genus name for the group of viruses provisionally described as “Norwalk-like viruses” (NLV). Noroviruses (genus Norovirus, family Caliciviridae) are a group of related, single-stranded RNA, nonenveloped viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. Norovirus was recently approved as the official genus name for the group of viruses provisionally described as “Norwalk-like viruses” (NLV). This group of viruses has also been referred to as caliciviruses (because of their virus family name) and as small round structured viruses, or SRSVs (because of their morphologic features). Another genus of the calicivirus family that can cause gastroenteritis in humans is Sapovirus, formerly described as “Sapporo-like virus” (SLV) and sometimes referred to as classic or typical calicivirus.Noroviruses are named after the original strain “Norwalk virus,” which caused an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a school in Norwalk, Ohio, in 1968. Currently, there are at least five norovirus genogroups (GI, GII, GIII, GIV and GV), which in turn are divided into at least 31 genetic clusters.Clinical PresentationThe incubation period for norovirus-associated gastroenteritis in humans is usually between 24 and 48 hours (median in outbreaks 33 to 36 hours), but cases can occur within 12 hours of exposure. Norovirus infection usually presents as acute-onset vomiting, watery non-bloody diarrhea with abdominal cramps, and nausea. Low-grade fever also occasionally occurs, and vomiting is more common in children. Dehydration is the most common complication, especially among the young and elderly, and may require medical attention. Symptoms usually last 24 to 60 hours. Recovery is usually complete and there is no evidence of any serious long-term sequelae. Studies with volunteers given stool filtrates have shown that asymptomatic infection may occur in as many as 30% of infections, although the role of asymptomatic infection in norovirus transmission is not well understood.Go to top of pageVirus TransmissionNoroviruses are transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route, either by consumption of fecally contaminated food or water or by direct person-to-person spread. Environmental and fomite contamination may also act as a source of infection. Good evidence exists for transmission due to aerosolization of vomitus that presumably results in droplets contaminating surfaces or entering the oral mucosa and being swallowed. No evidence suggests that infection occurs through the respiratory system.Noroviruses are highly contagious and as few as 10 viral particles may be sufficient to infect an individual. During outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis, several modes of transmission have been documented; for example, initial foodborne transmission in a restaurant, followed by secondary person-to-person transmission to household contacts. Although presymptomatic viral shedding may occur, shedding usually begins with onset of symptoms and may continue for 2 weeks after recovery. It is unclear to what extent viral shedding over 72 hours after recovery signifies continued infectivity.Immunity to NorovirusMechanisms of immunity to norovirus are unclear. It appears that immunity may be strain-specific and lasts only a few months; therefore, given the genetic variability of noroviruses, individuals are likely to be repeatedly infected throughout their lifetimes. This may explain the high attack rates in all ages reported in outbreaks. Recent evidence also suggests that susceptibility to infection may be genetically determined, with people of blood group O being at greatest risk for severe infection.Disease burden of Norovirus GastroenteritisCDC estimates that 23 million cases of acute gastroenteritis are due to norovirus infection, and it is now thought that at least 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis can be attributed to noroviruses.Among the 232 outbreaks of norovirus illness reported to CDC from July 1997 to June 2000, 57% were foodborne, 16% were due to person-to-person spread, and 3% were waterborne; in 23% of outbreaks, the cause of transmission was not determined. In this study, common settings for outbreaks include restaurants and catered meals (36%), nursing homes (23%), schools (13%), and vacation settings or cruise ships (10%).Most foodborne outbreaks of norovirus illness are likely to arise though direct contamination of food by a food handler immediately before its consumption. Outbreaks have frequently been associated with consumption of cold foods, including various salads, sandwiches, and bakery products. Liquid items (e.g., salad dressing or cake icing) that allow virus to mix evenly are often implicated as a cause of outbreaks. Food can also be contaminated at its source, and oysters from contaminated waters have been associated with widespread outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Other foods, including raspberries and salads, have been contaminated before widespread distribution and subsequently caused extensive outbreaks.Waterborne outbreaks of norovirus disease in community settings have often been caused by sewage contamination of wells and recreational water.Go to top of pageDiagnosis of NorovirusHuman. In the last 10 years, diagnosis of norovirus as cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis has improved with the increasing use of the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Currently, state public health laboratories of 47 states have the capability to test for noroviruses by (realtime) RT-PCR. RT-PCR detects the norovirus RNA and can be used to test stool and emesis samples, as well as environmental swabs in special studies. Identification of the virus can be best made from stool specimens taken within 48 to 72 hours after onset of symptoms, although good results can be obtained by using RT-PCR on samples taken as long as 5 days after symptom onset. Virus can sometimes be found in stool samples taken as late as 2 weeks after recovery.Older methods for diagnosis include direct and immune electron microscopy of fecal specimens, and detection of a fourfold increase of specific antibodies in acute- and convalescent-phase blood samples. Several commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of virus in stools have been developed but await evaluation further evaluation regarding sensitivity and specificity.Sequencing of norovirus strains found in clinical and environmental samples has greatly helped in conducting epidemiologic investigations by linking cases to each other and to a common source and by differentiating outbreaks that were mistakenly connected. Sequences can be entered into CaliciNet, a recently developed sequence database on the basis of the PulseNet model. In the next years CaliciNet will be further implemented to be able to help to determine links (e.g., norovirus contaminated foods) between outbreaks across the U.S.In addition to microbiological techniques, several epidemiologic criteria have been proposed for use in determining whether an outbreak of gastroenteritis is of viral origin. Kaplan’s criteria for this purpose are as follows: 1) a mean (or median) illness duration of 12 to 60 hours, 2) a mean (or median) incubation period of 24 to 48 hours, 3) more than 50% of people with vomiting, and 4) no bacterial agent previously found. Although quite specific, these criteria are not very sensitive, and therefore the possibility of a viral etiology should not be discarded if the criteria are not met.Go to top of pageEnvironmental. Methods to recover and detect virus in food need to be adapted for each food substance; these have been only rarely used, with the exception of assays to detect virus in shellfish. Drinking water can be tested for noroviruses by using RT-PCR when large (10-100 L) volumes of water are processed through specially designed filters.Management of Norovirus InfectionNo specific therapy exists for norovirus gastroenteritis. Symptomatic therapy consists of replacing fluid losses and correcting electrolyte disturbances through oral and intravenous fluid administration.PreventionPrevention of foodborne norovirus disease is based on the provision of safe food and water. Noroviruses are relatively resistant to environmental challenge: they are able to survive freezing, temperatures as high as 60°C, and have even been associated with illness after being steamed in shellfish. Moreover, noroviruses can survive in up to 10 ppm chlorine, well in excess of levels routinely present in public water systems.Despite these features, it is likely that relatively simple measures, such as correct handling of cold foods, strict hand washing after using the bathroom and before handling food items, and paid sick leave, may substantially reduce foodborne transmission of noroviruses.Prevention of norovirus disease spread via droplets from vomitus (person to person transmission) should focus on methods to limit transmission including isolation precautions (e.g., cohort sick patients in a healthcare facility) and environmental disinfection.Surveillance of Norovirus Infection in the United StatesCDC currently does not conduct active surveillance to monitor outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by noroviruses. Outbreaks are reported to CDC’s Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Respiratory and Gastroenteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratoiry Diseases (NCIRD) when states send specimens for testing or sequencing, or outbreaks are reported directly by states to the electronic database (eFORS) maintained by the Foodborne Diarrheal Diseases Branch.
is it STOMACH FLU??? how long do u spread it for ive had all the symptoms every1s sick how to stop spreading?
Q: i think i got it from an ex but its been forever now goin for like 6 mos, we ended up on rael bad terms we were cheating dont talk nemore or even know each others friends n id rather not see her im sure shed be the same so forget that route… i just keep spreading it, i was sick like a week 6 MONTHS ago and that was it, but whats weird is i get ppl sick right away now, its just very annoying, and well im just not cool with it, how may i stop this do u usually stop spreading stomach virus or u just keep on and on i did bacteria tests and came back ok… but is there some similar virus to watch out for? doctors r expensive i want to atleast guide them in a direction since they found me clean last time, its mainly that ive spread it around for so long thats kinda weird, i feel fine now but i want to stop it, i do wash my hands, but this things contagious is stomach flu this bad? what can i do?
A: Wash your hands and use antibacterial wash on everything.Also see a doctor, it could be something worse.
How do I bleach colored clothes, linens, blankets etc. to sanitize them without turning them white?
Q: My 2 year old daughter has had the stomach flu and I read on WedMD that I should bleach all clothes, linens, etc that came into contact with her diarrea and vomit. This may sound stupid, but I have NEVER bleached anything other than clothing that was already white. I dont want to risk ruining anything, so how do I disinfect these items? I dont want her stomach flu to spread to the whole family – what can I do?
A: Your dryer will get the garments hot enough to sanitize them, if you have one. If not, take them to a laundromat to dry them.
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