Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a type of depression that usually occurs as the seasons change every year. Some people refer to SAD as the “winter blues.” It is actually much more serious than simply a case of the blues. Symptoms usually begin as fall sets in and persist into the winter months.
Seasonal Affective Disorder that occurs in fall and winter can sap the energy and leave one feeling moody. Other symptoms of SAD include depression, feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, sleeping too much, changes in appetite and weight gain. SAD sufferers may find themselves craving foods high in carbohydrates. Less often, SAD can occur in spring and summer months, and those symptoms vary somewhat from the fall/winter type.
As there becomes less sunlight during the fall/winter months, this can cause disruptions in the body’s circadian rhythm, commonly referred to as the “internal clock.” Reduced sunlight can also cause serotonin (a chemical in the brain) levels to drop, which can affect mood. This can lead to feelings of depression. Melatonin levels can also become disrupted when the seasons change, which can affect sleep patterns and mood. Symptoms may start off mild and gradually progress through the season.
Females are more at risk for developing Seasonal Affective Disorder, along with those who live farthest from the Equator. People with clinical depression, bipolar disorder or who have a family history of SAD are also at greater risk for developing it.
If SAD is left untreated, it may lead to serious complications such as suicidal thoughts, social withdrawal, school and work problems or substance abuse. Treatment often involves phototherapy (light therapy), antidepressants and psychotherapy.
There are also a few things you can do to help improve mood. Try to make the home environment brighter and sunnier. Pull back curtains, open blinds, perhaps situate a favorite chair near a window to increase exposure to sunlight. Get outside regularly if possible, and get adequate exercise. If you feel you may have SAD, please seek the advice of your physician.